A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines

Why did Jefferson's defense attorney call Jefferson a hog?

 It's a part of the attorney's 'strategy' to defend Jefferson. He calls Jefferson a hog. He tries to convince the jury that Jefferson is simply an animal that acted on impulse. In other words he's saying that Jefferson is just an animal, he doesn't know what's right and what's wrong. Obviously his strategy didn't work, and Jefferson got a death sentence.
This backfires on the defense attorney because he shouldn't have said that executing him would be like "executing a hog". He needed to defend Jefferson by saying they shouldn't execute him .

This upsets Ms. Emma because she really cares for Jefferson, she raised him. The fact that they call her godson a hog breaks her heart. She doesn't want Jefferson to feel stupid and feel as if he's not important- like he's nothing. She wants Grant to go and teach him in the jail, to make him into a man. 
  






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